Chemical bond breaking and recombination
When LDS Laser Forming Materials are irradiated by laser, the high energy density of the laser will cause the chemical bonds in the material to break. The breaking of these chemical bonds is the starting point of microstructural changes, which breaks the stability of the original molecular structure of the material. Subsequently, under the influence of the continuous action of the laser and the surrounding environmental conditions, some of the broken chemical bonds will recombine to form new chemical bonds and chemical structures. This process of chemical bond breaking and recombination changes the chemical composition of the material and the way the molecules are connected, thereby giving the material new performance characteristics, such as increased surface energy and increased chemical activity, which provides a better foundation for subsequent processes such as surface metallization.
Phase transition
Under the action of laser, LDS Laser Forming Materials may also undergo phase transition. Some materials may change from the original amorphous state to the crystalline state, or change between different crystalline phases. This phase transition affects the physical properties of the material, such as hardness, density, thermal stability, etc. For example, an increase in crystallinity may increase the hardness and wear resistance of the material, and may also change the optical and electrical properties of the material. The degree and type of phase transition depends on the laser parameters, such as power, pulse width, frequency, etc., as well as the chemical composition and initial microstructure of the material itself.
Changes in surface micromorphology
The energy of the laser will cause significant changes in the surface micromorphology of LDS Laser Forming Materials. During the laser ablation, melting and solidification process, various microstructures such as micropits, microprotrusions, nano-scale roughness, etc. will form on the surface of the material. These changes in micromorphology increase the specific surface area of the material, which is beneficial to increase the contact area between the material and the chemical substances or metal ions used in the subsequent processing process, thereby enhancing the effect and adhesion of the surface metallization. In addition, changes in surface micromorphology will also affect the optical properties and wettability of the material, thereby affecting its application performance in different fields.
Changes in internal stress distribution
When the laser acts on LDS Laser Forming Materials, thermal stress will be generated inside the material. Due to the uneven distribution of laser energy and the thermal conductivity of the material itself, this thermal stress will cause changes in the internal stress distribution of the material. In the area of stress concentration, micro cracks may be generated and extended, which has a certain impact on the mechanical properties and reliability of the material. However, by reasonably controlling the laser parameters, the stress distribution can be made more uniform, and even the stress-induced microstructural changes can be used to improve the performance of the material, such as improving the strength and toughness of the material. Therefore, in-depth research on the changing law of the internal stress distribution of the material under the action of laser is of great significance for optimizing the LDS laser forming process and improving the material performance.
The microstructural changes of LDS Laser Forming Materials under the action of laser are a complex and diverse process, involving changes in chemical bonds, phase states, surface micromorphology, and internal stress distribution. These microstructural changes jointly determine the final performance and application effect of the material.
